-.TH TINC 5 "March 1999" "tinc version 0.2.16" "FSF"
-.SH NAME
-tincd.conf \- tinc daemon configuration
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-The files in the \fI/etc/tinc\fR directory contain runtime and
-security information for the \fBtinc\fR(8) daemon.
-.PP
-.SH "NETWORKS"
-It is perfectly ok for you to run more than one tinc daemon. However,
-in its default form, you will soon notice that you can't use two
-different configuration files without the \fI-c\fR option.
-
-We have thought of another way of dealing with this: network
-names. This means that you call \fBtincd\fR with the \fI-n\fR argument,
-which will assign a name to this daemon.
-
-The effect of this is that the daemon will set its configuration
-``root'' to \fI/etc/tinc/\fBnn\fI/\fR, where \fBnn\fR is your argument
-to the \fI-n\fR option. You'll notice that it appears in syslog as
-``tincd.\fBnn\fR''.
-
-However, it is not strictly necessary that you call tinc with the -n
-option. In this case, the network name would just be empty, and it
-will be used as such. tinc now looks for files in \fI/etc/tinc/\fR,
-instead of \fI/etc/tinc/\fBnn\fI/\fR; the configuration file should be
-\fI/etc/tinc/tincd.conf\fR, and the passphrases are now expected to be
-in \fI/etc/tinc/passphrases/\fR.
-
-But it is highly recommended that you use this feature of tinc,
-because it will be so much clearer whom your daemon talks to. Hence,
-we will assume that you use it.
-.PP
-.SH "PASSPHRASES"
-You should use the \fBgenauth\fR(8) program to generate passphrases.
-with, it accepts a single parameter, which is the number of bits the
-passphrase should be. Its output should be stored in
-\fI/etc/tinc/\fBnn\fI/passphrases/local\fR \-\- where \fBnn\fR stands
-for the network (See under \fBNETWORKS\fR) above.
-
-Please see the manpage for \fBgenauth\fR to learn more about setting
-up an authentication scheme.
-.PP
-.SH "CONFIGURATION"
-The actual configuration of the daemon is done in the file
-\fI/etc/tinc/\fBnn\fI/tincd.conf\fR.
-
-This file consists of comments (lines started with a \fB#\fR) or
-assignments in the form of
-.PP
-.Vb 1
-\& \fIVariable \fB= \fIValue\fR.
-.Ve
-.PP
+.Dd 2002-04-09
+.Dt TINC.CONF 5
+.\" Manual page created by:
+.\" Ivo Timmermans <ivo@o2w.nl>
+.\" Guus Sliepen <guus@sliepen.eu.org>
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm tinc.conf
+.Nd tinc daemon configuration
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The files in the
+.Pa /etc/tinc/
+directory contain runtime and security information for the tinc daemon.
+.Sh NETWORKS
+It is perfectly ok for you to run more than one tinc daemon.
+However, in its default form,
+you will soon notice that you can't use two different configuration files without the
+.Fl c
+option.
+.Pp
+We have thought of another way of dealing with this: network names.
+This means that you call
+.Nm
+with the
+.Fl n
+option, which will assign a name to this daemon.
+.Pp
+The effect of this is that the daemon will set its configuration root to
+.Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa / ,
+where
+.Ar NETNAME
+is your argument to the
+.Fl n
+option.
+You'll notice that messages appear in syslog as coming from
+.Nm tincd. Ns Ar NETNAME .
+.Pp
+However, it is not strictly necessary that you call tinc with the
+.Fl n
+option.
+In this case, the network name would just be empty,
+and it will be used as such.
+.Nm tinc
+now looks for files in
+.Pa /etc/tinc/ ,
+instead of
+.Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa / ;
+the configuration file should be
+.Pa /etc/tinc/tinc.conf ,
+and the host configuration files are now expected to be in
+.Pa /etc/tinc/hosts/ .
+.Pp
+But it is highly recommended that you use this feature of
+.Nm tinc ,
+because it will be so much clearer whom your daemon talks to.
+Hence, we will assume that you use it.
+.Sh NAMES
+Each tinc daemon should have a name that is unique in the network which it will be part of.
+The name will be used by other tinc daemons for identification.
+The name has to be declared in the
+.Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc.conf
+file.
+.Pp
+To make things easy,
+choose something that will give unique and easy to remember names to your tinc daemon(s).
+You could try things like hostnames, owner surnames or location names.
+.Sh PUBLIC/PRIVATE KEYS
+You should use
+.Ic tincd -K
+to generate public/private keypairs.
+It will generate two keys.
+The private key should be stored in a separate file
+.Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /rsa_key.priv
+\-\- where
+.Ar NETNAME
+stands for the network (see
+.Sx NETWORKS )
+above.
+The public key should be stored in the host configuration file
+.Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /hosts/ Ns Va NAME
+\-\- where
+.Va NAME
+stands for the name of the local tinc daemon (see
+.Sx NAMES ) .
+.Sh SERVER CONFIGURATION
+The server configuration of the daemon is done in the file
+.Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc.conf .
+This file consists of comments (lines started with a
+.Li # )
+or assignments in the form of:
+.Pp
+.Va Variable Li = Ar Value .
+.Pp
The variable names are case insensitive, and any spaces, tabs,
-newlines and carriage returns are ignored. \fINote\fR: it is not
-required that you put in the \fB=\fR sign, but doing so improves
-readability. If you leave it out, remember to replace it with at least
-one space character.
-.PP
-.SH "VARIABLES"
-.PP
-Here are all valid variables, listed in alphabetical order:
-.TP
-\fBAllowConnect = \fB(\fIyes\fB|\fIno\fB)\fR
-If set to \fIyes\fR, anyone may try to connect to you. If you set this
-to no, no incoming connections will be accepted. This does not affect
-the outgoing connections.
-.TP
-\fBConnectPort = \fIport\fR
-Connect to the upstream host (given with the \fBConnectTo\fR
-directive) on port \fIport\fR. \fIport\fR may be given in decimal
-(default), octal (when preceded by a single zero) or hexadecimal
-(prefixed with \fB0x\fR). \fIport\fR is the port number for both the
-UDP and the TCP (meta) connections.
-.TP
-\fBConnectTo = \fB(\fIIP address\fB|\fIhostname\fB)\fR
-Specifies which host to connect to on startup. If the
-\fBConnectPort\fR variable is omitted, then tinc will try to connect
-to port 655.
-
-If you don't specify a host with \fBConnectTo\fR, tinc won't connect
-at all, and will instead just listen for incoming connections. Only
-the initiator of a tinc VPN should need this.
-.TP
-\fBKeyExpire = \fIs\fR
-The secret (and public) key expires after \fIs\fR seconds. The default
-is 3600 seconds, or one hour.
-
-If you make it shorter, a lot of time and bandwidth is spent
-negotiating over the new keys. If you make it longer, you make
-yourself more vulnerable to crackers, because they have more data to
-work with. The best value depends on the speed of the link, and the
-amount of data that goes over it.
-.TP
-\fBListenPort = \fIport\fR
-Listen on local port \fIport\fR. The computer connecting to this
-daemon should use this number as the argument for his
-\fBConnectPort\fR. Again, the default is 655.
-.TP
-\fBMyOwnVPNIP = \fInetwork address\fR[\fB/\fImaskbits\fR]
-The \fInetwork address\fR is the number that the daemon will propagate
-to other daemons on the network when it is identifying itself. Hence
-this will be the file name of the passphrase file that the other end
-expects to find the passphrase in.
-
-\fImaskbits\fR is the number of bits set to 1 in the netmask part.
-.TP
-\fBMyVirtualIP = \fInetwork address\fR[\fB/\fImaskbits\fR]
-This is an alias for \fBMyOwnVPNIP\fR.
-.TP
-\fBPassphrases = \fIdirectory\fR
-The directory where tinc will look for passphrases when someone tries
-to cennect. Please see the manpage for \fBgenauth\fR(8) for more
-information about passphrases as used by tinc.
-.TP
-\fBPingTimeout = \fInumber\fR
-The number of seconds of inactivity that tinc will wait before sending
-a probe to the other end. If that other end doesn't answer within that
-same amount of seconds, the connection is terminated, and the others
-will be notified of this.
-.TP
-\fBTapDevice = \fIdevice\fR
-The ethertap device to use. Note that you can only use one device per
-daemon. The info pages of the tinc package contain more information
-about configuring an ethertap device for linux.
-.PP
-.SH "FILES"
-.TP
-\fI/etc/tinc/\fR
+newlines and carriage returns are ignored.
+Note: it is not required that you put in the
+.Li =
+sign, but doing so improves readability.
+If you leave it out, remember to replace it with at least one space character.
+.Pp
+Here are all valid variables, listed in alphabetical order.
+The default value is given between parentheses.
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Va AddressFamily Li = ipv4 | ipv6 | any Pq any
+This option affects the address family of listening and outgoing sockets.
+If
+.Qq any
+is selected, then depending on the operating system both IPv4 and IPv6 or just
+IPv6 listening sockets will be created.
+.It Va BindToAddress Li = Ar address Bq experimental
+If your computer has more than one IPv4 or IPv6 address,
+.Nm tinc
+will by default listen on all of them for incoming connections.
+It is possible to bind only to a single address with this variable.
+.Pp
+This option may not work on all platforms.
+.It Va BindToInterface Li = Ar interface Bq experimental
+If your computer has more than one network interface,
+.Nm tinc
+will by default listen on all of them for incoming connections.
+It is possible to bind only to a single interface with this variable.
+.Pp
+This option may not work on all platforms.
+.It Va ConnectTo Li = Ar name
+Specifies which other tinc daemon to connect to on startup.
+Multiple
+.Va ConnectTo
+variables may be specified,
+in which case outgoing connections to each specified tinc daemon are made.
+The names should be known to this tinc daemon
+(i.e., there should be a host configuration file for the name on the
+.Va ConnectTo
+line).
+.Pp
+If you don't specify a host with
+.Va ConnectTo ,
+.Nm tinc
+won't try to connect to other daemons at all,
+and will instead just listen for incoming connections.
+.It Va Device Li = Ar device Po /dev/tap0 or /dev/net/tun Pc
+The virtual network device to use.
+.Nm tinc
+will automatically detect what kind of device it is.
+Note that you can only use one device per daemon.
+The info pages of the tinc package contain more information
+about configuring the virtual network device.
+.It Va Hostnames Li = yes | no Pq no
+This option selects whether IP addresses (both real and on the VPN) should
+be resolved. Since DNS lookups are blocking, it might affect tinc's
+efficiency, even stopping the daemon for a few seconds every time it does
+a lookup if your DNS server is not responding.
+.Pp
+This does not affect resolving hostnames to IP addresses from the
+host configuration files.
+.It Va Interface Li = Ar interface
+Defines the name of the interface corresponding to the virtual network device.
+Depending on the operating system and the type of device this may or may not actually set the name.
+Currently this option only affects the Linux tun/tap device.
+.It Va KeyExpire Li = Ar period Pq 3600
+This option controls the period the encryption keys used to encrypt the data are valid.
+It is common practice to change keys at regular intervals to make it even harder for crackers,
+even though it is thought to be nearly impossible to crack a single key.
+.It Va MACExpire Li = Ar period Pq 600
+This option controls the amount of time MAC addresses are kept before they are removed.
+This only has effect when
+.Va Mode
+is set to
+.Qq switch .
+.It Va MaxTimeout Li = Ar period Pq 900
+This is the maximum delay before trying to reconnect to other tinc daemons.
+.It Va Mode Li = router | switch | hub Pq router
+This option selects the way packets are routed to other daemons.
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It router
+In this mode
+.Va Subnet
+variables in the host configuration files will be used to form a routing table.
+Only unicast packets of routable protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) are supported in this mode.
+.It switch
+In this mode the MAC addresses of the packets on the VPN will be used to
+dynamically create a routing table just like an Ethernet switch does.
+Unicast, multicast and broadcast packets of every protocol that runs over Ethernet are supported in this mode
+at the cost of frequent broadcast ARP requests and routing table updates.
+.It hub
+This mode is almost the same as the switch mode, but instead
+every packet will be broadcast to the other daemons
+while no routing table is managed.
+.El
+.It Va Name Li = Ar name Bq required
+This is the name which identifies this tinc daemon.
+It must be unique for the virtual private network this daemon will connect to.
+.It Va PingTimeout Li = Ar period Pq 60
+The number of seconds of inactivity that
+.Nm tinc
+will wait before sending a probe to the other end.
+If that other end doesn't answer within that same amount of time,
+the connection is terminated,
+and the others will be notified of this.
+.It Va PriorityInheritance Li = yes | no Po no Pc Bq experimental
+When this option is enabled the value of the TOS field of tunneled IPv4 packets
+will be inherited by the UDP packets that are sent out.
+.It Va PrivateKey Li = Ar key Bq obsolete
+The private RSA key of this tinc daemon.
+It will allow this tinc daemon to authenticate itself to other daemons.
+.It Va PrivateKeyFile Li = Ar filename Bq recommended
+The file in which the private RSA key of this tinc daemon resides.
+Note that there must be exactly one of
+.Va PrivateKey
+or
+.Va PrivateKeyFile
+specified in the configuration file.
+.El
+.Sh HOST CONFIGURATION FILES
+The host configuration files contain all information needed
+to establish a connection to those hosts.
+A host configuration file is also required for the local tinc daemon,
+it will use it to read in it's listen port, public key and subnets.
+.Pp
+The idea is that these files are portable.
+You can safely mail your own host configuration file to someone else.
+That other person can then copy it to his own hosts directory,
+and now his tinc daemon will be able to connect to your tinc daemon.
+Since host configuration files only contain public keys,
+no secrets are revealed by sending out this information.
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Va Address Li = Ar address Bq recommended
+The IP address or hostname of this tinc daemon on the real network.
+This wil only be used when trying to make an outgoing connection to this tinc daemon.
+Multiple
+.Va Address
+variables can be specified, in which case each address will be tried until a working
+connection has been established.
+.It Va Cipher Li = Ar cipher Pq blowfish
+The symmetric cipher algorithm used to encrypt UDP packets.
+Any cipher supported by OpenSSL is recognised.
+Furthermore, specifying
+.Qq none
+will turn off packet encryption.
+.It Va Compression Li = Ar level Pq 0
+This option sets the level of compression used for UDP packets.
+Possible values are 0 (off), 1 (fast zlib) and any integer up to 9 (best zlib),
+and 10 (lzo).
+.It Va Digest Li = Ar digest Pq sha1
+The digest algorithm used to authenticate UDP packets.
+Any digest supported by OpenSSL is recognised.
+Furthermore, specifying
+.Qq none
+will turn off packet authentication.
+.It Va IndirectData Li = yes | no Pq no
+This option specifies whether other tinc daemons besides the one you specified with
+.Va ConnectTo
+can make a direct connection to you.
+This is especially useful if you are behind a firewall
+and it is impossible to make a connection from the outside to your tinc daemon.
+Otherwise, it is best to leave this option out or set it to no.
+.It Va MACLength Li = Ar length Pq 4
+The length of the message authentication code used to authenticate UDP packets.
+Can be anything from
+.Qq 0
+up to the length of the digest produced by the digest algorithm.
+.It Va Port Li = Ar port Pq 655
+The port number on which this tinc daemon is listening for incoming connections.
+.It Va PublicKey Li = Ar key Bq obsolete
+The public RSA key of this tinc daemon.
+It will be used to cryptographically verify it's identity and to set up a secure connection.
+.It Va PublicKeyFile Li = Ar filename Bq obsolete
+The file in which the public RSA key of this tinc daemon resides.
+.Pp
+From version 1.0pre4 on
+.Nm tinc
+will store the public key directly into the host configuration file in PEM format,
+the above two options then are not necessary.
+Either the PEM format is used, or exactly one of the above two options must be specified
+in each host configuration file,
+if you want to be able to establish a connection with that host.
+.It Va Subnet Li = Ar address Ns Op Li / Ns Ar prefixlength
+The subnet which this tinc daemon will serve.
+.Nm tinc
+tries to look up which other daemon it should send a packet to by searching the appropriate subnet.
+If the packet matches a subnet,
+it will be sent to the daemon who has this subnet in his host configuration file.
+Multiple
+.Va Subnet
+variables can be specified.
+.Pp
+Subnets can either be single MAC, IPv4 or IPv6 addresses,
+in which case a subnet consisting of only that single address is assumed,
+or they can be a IPv4 or IPv6 network address with a prefixlength.
+Shorthand notations are not supported.
+For example, IPv4 subnets must be in a form like 192.168.1.0/24,
+where 192.168.1.0 is the network address and 24 is the number of bits set in the netmask.
+Note that subnets like 192.168.1.1/24 are invalid!
+Read a networking HOWTO/FAQ/guide if you don't understand this.
+IPv6 subnets are notated like fec0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0/64.
+MAC addresses are notated like 0:1a:2b:3c:4d:5e.
+.It Va TCPOnly Li = yes | no Pq no
+If this variable is set to yes,
+then the packets are tunnelled over the TCP connection instead of a UDP connection.
+This is especially useful for those who want to run a tinc daemon
+from behind a masquerading firewall,
+or if UDP packet routing is disabled somehow.
+Setting this options also implicitly sets IndirectData.
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Pa /etc/tinc/
The top directory for configuration files.
-.TP
-\fI/etc/tinc/\fBnn\fI/tincd.conf\fR
-The default name of the configuration file for net
-\fBnn\fR.
-.TP
-\fI/etc/tinc/\fBnn\fI/passphrases/\fR
-Passphrases are kept in this directory. (See the section
-\fBPASSPHRASES\fR above).
-.PP
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-\fBtincd\fR(8), \fBgenauth\fR(8)
-.TP
-\fBhttp://tinc.nl.linux.org/\fR
-.PP
+.It Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc.conf
+The default name of the server configuration file for net
+.Ar NETNAME .
+.It Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /hosts/
+Host configuration files are kept in this directory.
+.It Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc-up
+If an executable file with this name exists,
+it will be executed right after the tinc daemon has connected to the virtual network device.
+It can be used to set up the corresponding network interface.
+.Pp
+The environment variable
+.Ev $NETNAME
+will be passed to the executable.
+If specified with the
+.Va Interface
+configuration variable,
+or if the virtual network device is a Linux tun/tap device,
+the environment variable
+.Ev $INTERFACE
+will be set to the name of the network interface.
+.It Pa /etc/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc-down
+If an executable file with this name exists,
+it will be executed right before the tinc daemon is going to close
+its connection to the virtual network device.
+The same environment variables will be passed as mentioned above.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr tincd 8 ,
+.Pa http://tinc.nl.linux.org/ ,
+.Pa http://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/nag2/ .
+.Pp
The full documentation for
-.B tinc
-is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
-.B info
-and
-.B tinc
-programs are properly installed at your site, the command
-.IP
-.B info tinc
-.PP
+.Nm tinc
+is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
+If the info and tinc programs are properly installed at your site, the command
+.Ic info tinc
should give you access to the complete manual.
-.PP
-tinc comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
-and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions;
+.Pp
+.Nm tinc
+comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
+This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions;
see the file COPYING for details.
projects / tinc / blobdiff