\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c $Id: tinc.texi,v 1.8.4.46 2003/10/11 14:42:29 guus Exp $
+@c $Id$
@c %**start of header
@setfilename tinc.info
@settitle tinc Manual
This is the info manual for @value{PACKAGE} version @value{VERSION}, a Virtual Private Network daemon.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2003 Ivo Timmermans
-<ivo@@o2w.nl>, Guus Sliepen <guus@@sliepen.eu.org> and
-Wessel Dankers <wsl@@nl.linux.org>.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2004 Ivo Timmermans
+<ivo@@tinc-vpn.org>, Guus Sliepen <guus@@tinc-vpn.org> and
+Wessel Dankers <wsl@@tinc-vpn.org>.
-$Id: tinc.texi,v 1.8.4.46 2003/10/11 14:42:29 guus Exp $
+$Id$
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@cindex copyright
This is the info manual for @value{PACKAGE} version @value{VERSION}, a Virtual Private Network daemon.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2003 Ivo Timmermans
-<ivo@@o2w.nl>, Guus Sliepen <guus@@sliepen.eu.org> and
-Wessel Dankers <wsl@@nl.linux.org>.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2004 Ivo Timmermans
+<ivo@@tinc-vpn.org>, Guus Sliepen <guus@@tinc-vpn.org> and
+Wessel Dankers <wsl@@tinc-vpn.org>.
-$Id: tinc.texi,v 1.8.4.46 2003/10/11 14:42:29 guus Exp $
+$Id$
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@cindex release
For an up to date list of supported platforms, please check the list on
our website:
-@uref{http://tinc.nl.linux.org/platforms}.
-
-
-@c ==================================================================
-@subsection Linux
-
-@cindex Linux
-Tinc was first written for Linux running on an intel x86 processor, so
-this is the best supported platform. The protocol however, and actually
-anything about tinc, has been rewritten to support random byte ordering
-and arbitrary word length. So in theory it should run on other
-processors that Linux runs on. It has already been verified to run on
-alpha and sparc processors as well.
-
-Tinc uses the ethertap device or the universal tun/tap driver. The former is provided in the standard kernel
-from version 2.1.60 up to 2.3.x, but has been replaced in favour of the tun/tap driver in kernel versions 2.4.0 and later.
-
-
-@c ==================================================================
-@subsection FreeBSD
-
-@cindex FreeBSD
-Tinc on FreeBSD relies on the universal tun/tap driver for its data
-acquisition from the kernel. Therefore, tinc will work on the same platforms
-as this driver. These are: FreeBSD 3.x, 4.x, 5.x.
-
-
-@c ==================================================================
-@subsection OpenBSD
-
-@cindex OpenBSD
-Tinc on OpenBSD relies on the tun driver for its data
-acquisition from the kernel. It has been verified to work under at least OpenBSD 2.9.
-
-Tunneling IPv6 packets may not work on OpenBSD.
-
-
-@c ==================================================================
-@subsection Solaris
-
-@c ==================================================================
-@subsection NetBSD
-
-@cindex NetBSD
-Tinc on NetBSD relies on the tun driver for its data
-acquisition from the kernel. It has been verified to work under at least NetBSD 1.5.2.
-
-Tunneling IPv6 does not work on OpenBSD.
-
-
-@c ==================================================================
-@subsection Solaris
-
-@cindex Solaris
-Tinc on Solaris relies on the universal tun/tap driver for its data
-acquisition from the kernel. Therefore, tinc will work on the same platforms
-as this driver. It has been verified to work under Solaris 8 (SunOS 5.8).
-
-IPv6 packets cannot be tunneled on Solaris.
-
-@c ==================================================================
-@subsection Darwin (MacOS/X)
-
-@cindex Darwin
-@cindex MacOS/X
-Tinc on Darwin relies on the tunnel driver for its data
-acquisition from the kernel. This driver is not part of Darwin but can be
-downloaded from @uref{http://chrisp.de/en/projects/tunnel.html}.
-
-IPv6 packets cannot be tunneled on Darwin.
-
-@c ==================================================================
-@subsection Windows
-
-@cindex Windows
-Tinc on Windows, in a Cygwin environment, relies on the CIPE driver or the TAP-Win32 driver for its data
-acquisition from the kernel. This driver is not part of Windows but can be
-downloaded from @uref{http://cipe-win32.sourceforge.net/}.
-
+@uref{http://www.tinc-vpn.org/platforms}.
@c
@c
@node Configuring the kernel
@section Configuring the kernel
-@cindex RedHat
-@cindex Debian
-@cindex netlink_dev
-@cindex tun
-@cindex ethertap
-If you are running Linux, chances are good that your kernel already supports
-all the devices that tinc needs for proper operation. For example, the
-standard kernel from Redhat Linux already has support for ethertap and netlink
-compiled in. Debian users can use the modconf utility to select the modules.
-If your Linux distribution supports this method of selecting devices, look out
-for something called `ethertap', and `netlink_dev' if it is using a kernel
-version prior to 2.4.0. In that case you will need both these devices. If you
-are using kernel 2.4.0 or later, you need to select `tun'.
-
-@cindex Kernel-HOWTO
-If you can install these devices in a similar manner, you may skip this section.
-Otherwise, you will have to recompile the kernel in order to turn on the required features.
-If you are unfamiliar with the process of configuring and compiling a new kernel,
-you should read the @uref{http://howto.linuxberg.com/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html, Kernel HOWTO} first.
-
@menu
* Configuration of Linux kernels 2.1.60 up to 2.4.0::
* Configuration of Linux kernels 2.4.0 and higher::
@node Configuration of Linux kernels 2.1.60 up to 2.4.0
@subsection Configuration of Linux kernels 2.1.60 up to 2.4.0
-Here are the options you have to turn on when configuring a new kernel:
+@cindex ethertap
+For kernels up to 2.4.0, you need a kernel that supports the ethertap device.
+Most distributions come with kernels that already support this.
+If not, here are the options you have to turn on when configuring a new kernel:
@example
Code maturity level options
@node Configuration of Linux kernels 2.4.0 and higher
@subsection Configuration of Linux kernels 2.4.0 and higher
+@cindex Universal tun/tap
+For kernels 2.4.0 and higher, you need a kernel that supports the Universal tun/tap device.
+Most distributions come with kernels that already support this.
Here are the options you have to turn on when configuring a new kernel:
@example
@node Configuration of FreeBSD kernels
@subsection Configuration of FreeBSD kernels
-For FreeBSD version 4.1 and higher, the tap driver is included in the default kernel configuration, for earlier
-systems (4.0 and earlier), you need to install the universal tun/tap driver
-yourself.
+For FreeBSD version 4.1 and higher, tun and tap drivers are included in the default kernel configuration.
+Using tap devices is recommended.
@c ==================================================================
For OpenBSD version 2.9 and higher,
the tun driver is included in the default kernel configuration.
+There is also a kernel patch from @uref{http://diehard.n-r-g.com/stuff/openbsd/}
+which adds a tap device to OpenBSD.
+This should work with tinc.
@c ==================================================================
For NetBSD version 1.5.2 and higher,
the tun driver is included in the default kernel configuration.
+Tunneling IPv6 may not work on NetBSD's tun device.
+
@c ==================================================================
@node Configuration of Solaris kernels
@node Configuration of Darwin (MacOS/X) kernels
@subsection Configuration of Darwin (MacOS/X) kernels
-Darwin does not come with a tunnel driver. You must download it at
-@uref{http://chrisp.de/en/projects/tunnel.html}. If compiling the source fails,
-try the binary module. The tunnel driver must be loaded before starting tinc
-with the following command:
+Tinc on Darwin relies on a tunnel driver for its data acquisition from the kernel.
+Tinc supports either the driver from @uref{http://www-user.rhrk.uni-kl.de/~nissler/tuntap/},
+which supports both tun and tap style devices,
+and also the driver from from @uref{http://chrisp.de/en/projects/tunnel.html}.
+The former driver is recommended.
+The tunnel driver must be loaded before starting tinc with the following command:
@example
kmodload tunnel
@end example
-Once loaded, the tunnel driver will automatically create @file{/dev/tun0}..@file{/dev/tun3}
-and the corresponding network interfaces.
-
@c ==================================================================
@node Configuration of Windows
@subsection Configuration of Windows
-You will need to install the CIPE-Win32 driver or the TAP-Win32 driver, it
-doesn't matter which one. You can download the CIPE driver from
-@uref{http://cipe-win32.sourceforge.net}. Using the Network Connections
-control panel, configure the CIPE-Win32 or TAP-Win32 network interface in the same way as you would
-do from the tinc-up script as explained in the rest of the documentation.
+You will need to install the latest TAP-Win32 driver from OpenVPN.
+You can download it from @uref{http://openvpn.sourceforge.net}.
+Using the Network Connections control panel,
+configure the TAP-Win32 network interface in the same way as you would do from the tinc-up script,
+as explained in the rest of the documentation.
@c ==================================================================
@quotation
Hereby I grant a special exception to the tinc VPN project
-(http://tinc.nl.linux.org/) to link the LZO library with the OpenSSL library
+(http://www.tinc-vpn.org/) to link the LZO library with the OpenSSL library
(http://www.openssl.org).
Markus F.X.J. Oberhumer
If you cannot use one of the precompiled packages, or you want to compile tinc
for yourself, you can use the source. The source is distributed under
the GNU General Public License (GPL). Download the source from the
-@uref{http://tinc.nl.linux.org/download, download page}, which has
+@uref{http://www.tinc-vpn.org/download, download page}, which has
the checksums of these files listed; you may wish to check these with
md5sum before continuing.
@example
tinc 655/tcp TINC
tinc 655/udp TINC
-# Ivo Timmermans <ivo@@o2w.nl>
+# Ivo Timmermans <ivo@@tinc-vpn.org>
@end example
This option may not work on all platforms.
+@cindex BlockingTCP
+@item BlockingTCP = <yes|no> (no) [experimental]
+This options selects whether TCP connections, when established, should use blocking writes.
+When turned off, tinc will never block when a TCP connection becomes congested,
+but will have to terminate that connection instead.
+If turned on, tinc will not terminate connections but will block,
+thereby unable to process data to/from other connections.
+Turn this option on if you also use TCPOnly and tinc terminates connections frequently.
+
@cindex ConnectTo
@item ConnectTo = <@var{name}>
Specifies which other tinc daemon to connect to on startup.
or PrivateKeyFile
specified in the configuration file.
+@cindex TunnelServer
+@item TunnelServer = <yes|no> (no) [experimental]
+When this option is enabled tinc will no longer forward information between other tinc daemons,
+and will only allow nodes and subnets on the VPN which are present in the
+@file{@value{sysconfdir}/tinc/@var{netname}/hosts/} directory.
+
@end table
MAC addresses are notated like 0:1a:2b:3c:4d:5e.
@cindex CIDR notation
-prefixlength is the number of bits set to 1 in the netmask part; for
+Prefixlength is the number of bits set to 1 in the netmask part; for
example: netmask 255.255.255.0 would become /24, 255.255.252.0 becomes
/22. This conforms to standard CIDR notation as described in
@uref{ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1519.txt, RFC1519}
@item @value{sysconfdir}/tinc/@var{netname}/hosts/@var{host}-down
This script is started when the tinc daemon with name @var{host} becomes unreachable.
+
+@item @value{sysconfdir}/tinc/@var{netname}/subnet-up
+This script is started when a Subnet becomes reachable.
+The Subnet and the node it belongs to are passed in environment variables.
+
+@item @value{sysconfdir}/tinc/@var{netname}/subnet-down
+This script is started when a Subnet becomes unreachable.
@end table
@cindex environment variables
@cindex NODE
@item NODE
When a host becomes (un)reachable, this is set to its name.
+If a subnet becomes (un)reachable, this is set to the owner of that subnet.
@cindex REMOTEADDRESS
@item REMOTEADDRESS
@item REMOTEPORT
When a host becomes (un)reachable,
this is set to the port number it uses for communication with other tinc daemons.
+
+@cindex SUBNET
+@item SUBNET
+When a subnet becomes (un)reachable, this is set to the subnet.
+
@end table
@example
Name = BranchA
-PrivateKeyFile = @value{sysconfdir}/tinc/company/rsa_key.priv
Device = /dev/tap0
@end example
@example
Name = BranchB
ConnectTo = BranchA
-PrivateKeyFile = @value{sysconfdir}/tinc/company/rsa_key.priv
@end example
Note here that the internal address (on eth0) doesn't have to be the
Name = BranchD
ConnectTo = BranchC
Device = /dev/net/tun
-PrivateKeyFile = @value{sysconfdir}/tinc/company/rsa_key.priv
@end example
D will be connecting to C, which has a tincd running for this network on
@menu
* Runtime options::
+* Signals::
+* Debug levels::
* Solving problems::
* Error messages::
* Sending bug reports::
@end table
+@c ==================================================================
+@node Signals
+@section Signals
+
+@cindex signals
+You can also send the following signals to a running tincd process:
+
+@c from the manpage
+@table @samp
+
+@item ALRM
+Forces tinc to try to connect to all uplinks immediately.
+Usually tinc attempts to do this itself,
+but increases the time it waits between the attempts each time it failed,
+and if tinc didn't succeed to connect to an uplink the first time after it started,
+it defaults to the maximum time of 15 minutes.
+
+@item HUP
+Partially rereads configuration files.
+Connections to hosts whose host config file are removed are closed.
+New outgoing connections specified in @file{tinc.conf} will be made.
+
+@item INT
+Temporarily increases debug level to 5.
+Send this signal again to revert to the original level.
+
+@item USR1
+Dumps the connection list to syslog.
+
+@item USR2
+Dumps virtual network device statistics, all known nodes, edges and subnets to syslog.
+
+@item WINCH
+Purges all information remembered about unreachable nodes.
+
+@end table
+
+@c ==================================================================
+@node Debug levels
+@section Debug levels
+
+@cindex debug levels
+The tinc daemon can send a lot of messages to the syslog.
+The higher the debug level, the more messages it will log.
+Each level inherits all messages of the previous level:
+
+@c from the manpage
+@table @samp
+
+@item 0
+This will log a message indicating tinc has started along with a version number.
+It will also log any serious error.
+
+@item 1
+This will log all connections that are made with other tinc daemons.
+
+@item 2
+This will log status and error messages from scripts and other tinc daemons.
+
+@item 3
+This will log all requests that are exchanged with other tinc daemons. These include
+authentication, key exchange and connection list updates.
+
+@item 4
+This will log a copy of everything received on the meta socket.
+
+@item 5
+This will log all network traffic over the virtual private network.
+
+@end table
+
@c ==================================================================
@node Solving problems
@section Solving problems
@cindex ADD_EDGE
@cindex ADD_SUBNET
@example
-daemon message
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-origin ADD_EDGE node1 node2 21.32.43.54 655 222 0
- | | | | | +-> options
- | | | | +----> weight
- | | | +--------> UDP port of node2
- | | +----------------> real address of node2
- | +-------------------------> name of destination node
- +-------------------------------> name of source node
-
-origin ADD_SUBNET node 192.168.1.0/24
- | | +--> prefixlength
- | +--------> network address
- +------------------> owner of this subnet
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+message
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ADD_EDGE node1 node2 21.32.43.54 655 222 0
+ | | | | | +-> options
+ | | | | +----> weight
+ | | | +--------> UDP port of node2
+ | | +----------------> real address of node2
+ | +-------------------------> name of destination node
+ +-------------------------------> name of source node
+
+ADD_SUBNET node 192.168.1.0/24
+ | | +--> prefixlength
+ | +--------> network address
+ +------------------> owner of this subnet
+------------------------------------------------------------------
@end example
The ADD_EDGE messages are to inform other tinc daemons that a connection between
message
------------------------------------------------------------------
DEL_EDGE node1 node2
- | +----> name of destination node
+ | +----> name of destination node
+----------> name of source node
DEL_SUBNET node 192.168.1.0/24
KEY_CHANGED origin
+--> daemon that has changed it's packet key
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+------------------------------------------------------------------
@end example
The keys used to encrypt VPN packets are not sent out directly. This is
@cindex PONG
@example
daemon message
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+------------------------------------------------------------------
origin PING
dest. PONG
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+------------------------------------------------------------------
@end example
There is also a mechanism to check if hosts are still alive. Since network
@item NetBSD
@tab @code{ifconfig} @var{interface} @code{inet6} @var{address} @code{prefixlen} @var{prefixlength}
@item Solaris
-@tab @code{ifconfig} @var{interface} @code{inet6 addif} @var{address}@code{/}@var{prefixlength}
+@tab @code{ifconfig} @var{interface} @code{inet6 plumb up}
+@item
+@tab @code{ifconfig} @var{interface} @code{inet6 addif} @var{address} @var{address}
@item Darwin (MacOS/X)
@tab @code{ifconfig} @var{interface} @code{inet6} @var{address} @code{prefixlen} @var{prefixlength}
@item Windows
@item NetBSD
@tab @code{route add} @var{network_address}@code{/}@var{prefixlength} @var{local_address}
@item Solaris
+@tab @code{route add} @var{network_address}@code{/}@var{prefixlength} @var{local_address} @code{-interface}
@item Darwin (MacOS/X)
@tab @code{route add} @var{network_address}@code{/}@var{prefixlength} @var{local_address}
@item Windows
+@tab @code{netsh routing ip add persistentroute} @var{network_address} @var{netmask} @var{interface} @var{local_address}
@end multitable
Adding routes to IPv6 subnets:
@tab @code{route add -A inet6} @var{network_address}@code{/}@var{prefixlength} @var{interface}
@item Linux iproute2
@tab @code{ip route add} @var{network_address}@code{/}@var{prefixlength} @code{dev} @var{interface}
+@item FreeBSD
+@tab @code{route add -inet6} @var{network_address}@code{/}@var{prefixlength} @var{local_address}
@item OpenBSD
+@tab @code{route add -inet6} @var{network_address} @var{local_address} @code{-prefixlen} @var{prefixlength}
@item NetBSD
+@tab @code{route add -inet6} @var{network_address} @var{local_address} @code{-prefixlen} @var{prefixlength}
@item Solaris
+@tab @code{route add -inet6} @var{network_address}@code{/}@var{prefixlength} @var{local_address} @code{-interface}
@item Darwin (MacOS/X)
+@tab ?
@item Windows
@tab @code{netsh interface ipv6 add route} @var{network address}/@var{prefixlength} @var{interface}
@end multitable
@section Contact information
@cindex website
-Tinc's website is at @url{http://tinc.nl.linux.org/},
+Tinc's website is at @url{http://www.tinc-vpn.org/},
this server is located in the Netherlands.
@cindex IRC
@section Authors
@table @asis
-@item Ivo Timmermans (zarq) (@email{ivo@@o2w.nl})
-@item Guus Sliepen (guus) (@email{guus@@sliepen.eu.org})
+@item Ivo Timmermans (zarq) (@email{ivo@@tinc-vpn.org})
+@item Guus Sliepen (guus) (@email{guus@@tinc-vpn.org})
@end table
We have received a lot of valuable input from users. With their help,
projects / tinc / blobdiff