This is the info manual for @value{PACKAGE} version @value{VERSION}, a Virtual Private Network daemon.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2011 Ivo Timmermans,
+Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2012 Ivo Timmermans,
Guus Sliepen <guus@@tinc-vpn.org> and
Wessel Dankers <wsl@@tinc-vpn.org>.
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
This is the info manual for @value{PACKAGE} version @value{VERSION}, a Virtual Private Network daemon.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2011 Ivo Timmermans,
+Copyright @copyright{} 1998-2012 Ivo Timmermans,
Guus Sliepen <guus@@tinc-vpn.org> and
Wessel Dankers <wsl@@tinc-vpn.org>.
* Installation::
* Configuration::
* Running tinc::
+* Controlling tinc::
* Technical information::
* Platform specific information::
* About us::
@subsection Configuration of FreeBSD kernels
For FreeBSD version 4.1 and higher, tun and tap drivers are included in the default kernel configuration.
-Using tap devices is recommended.
+The tap driver can be loaded with @code{kldload if_tap}, or by adding @code{if_tap_load="YES"} to @file{/boot/loader.conf}.
@c ==================================================================
but with recent versions of OpenBSD,
a tun device can act as a tap device by setting the link0 option with ifconfig.
+
@c ==================================================================
@node Configuration of NetBSD kernels
@subsection Configuration of NetBSD kernels
* OpenSSL::
* zlib::
* lzo::
+* libevent::
@end menu
default).
+@c ==================================================================
+@node libevent
+@subsection libevent
+
+@cindex libevent
+For the main event loop, tinc uses the libevent library.
+
+If this library is not installed, you wil get an error when configuring
+tinc for build.
+
+You can use your operating system's package manager to install this if
+available. Make sure you install the development AND runtime versions
+of this package.
+
+If you have to install libevent manually, you can get the source code
+from @url{http://monkey.org/~provos/libevent/}. Instructions on how to configure,
+build and install this package are included within the package. Please
+make sure you build development and runtime libraries (which is the
+default).
+
+
@c
@c
@c
both IPv4 and IPv6 or just IPv6 listening sockets will be created.
@cindex BindToAddress
-@item BindToAddress = <@var{address}> [experimental]
+@item BindToAddress = <@var{address}> [<@var{port}>] [experimental]
If your computer has more than one IPv4 or IPv6 address, tinc
will by default listen on all of them for incoming connections.
Multiple BindToAddress variables may be specified,
in which case listening sockets for each specified address are made.
+If no @var{port} is specified, the socket will be bound to the port specified by the Port option,
+or to port 655 if neither is given.
+To only bind to a specific port but not to a specific address, use "*" for the @var{address}.
+
This option may not work on all platforms.
@cindex BindToInterface
This option may not work on all platforms.
@cindex Broadcast
-@item Broadcast = <yes | no> (yes) [experimental]
-When disabled, tinc will drop all broadcast and multicast packets, in both router and switch mode.
+@item Broadcast = <no | mst | direct> (mst) [experimental]
+This option selects the way broadcast packets are sent to other daemons.
+@emph{NOTE: all nodes in a VPN must use the same Broadcast mode, otherwise routing loops can form.}
+
+@table @asis
+@item no
+Broadcast packets are never sent to other nodes.
+
+@item mst
+Broadcast packets are sent and forwarded via the VPN's Minimum Spanning Tree.
+This ensures broadcast packets reach all nodes.
+
+@item direct
+Broadcast packets are sent directly to all nodes that can be reached directly.
+Broadcast packets received from other nodes are never forwarded.
+If the IndirectData option is also set, broadcast packets will only be sent to nodes which we have a meta connection to.
+@end table
@cindex ConnectTo
@item ConnectTo = <@var{name}>
and will instead just listen for incoming connections.
@cindex DecrementTTL
-@item DecrementTTL = <yes | no> (yes)
+@item DecrementTTL = <yes | no> (no) [experimental]
When enabled, tinc will decrement the Time To Live field in IPv4 packets, or the Hop Limit field in IPv6 packets,
before forwarding a received packet to the virtual network device or to another node,
and will drop packets that have a TTL value of zero,
in which case it will send an ICMP Time Exceeded packet back.
+Do not use this option if you use switch mode and want to use IPv6.
+
@cindex Device
@item Device = <@var{device}> (@file{/dev/tap0}, @file{/dev/net/tun} or other depending on platform)
The virtual network device to use.
Packets received for the local node are written to the raw socket.
However, at least on Linux, the operating system does not process IP packets destined for the local host.
+@cindex multicast
+@item multicast
+Open a multicast UDP socket and bind it to the address and port (separated by spaces) and optionally a TTL value specified using @var{Device}.
+Packets are read from and written to this multicast socket.
+This can be used to connect to UML, QEMU or KVM instances listening on the same multicast address.
+Do NOT connect multiple tinc daemons to the same multicast address, this will very likely cause routing loops.
+Also note that this can cause decrypted VPN packets to be sent out on a real network if misconfigured.
+
@cindex UML
@item uml (not compiled in by default)
Create a UNIX socket with the filename specified by
When combined with the IndirectData option,
packets for nodes for which we do not have a meta connection with are also dropped.
+@cindex ECDSAPrivateKeyFile
+@item ECDSAPrivateKeyFile = <@var{path}> (@file{@value{sysconfdir}/tinc/@var{netname}/ecdsa_key.priv})
+The file in which the private ECDSA key of this tinc daemon resides.
+This is only used if ExperimentalProtocol is enabled.
+
+@cindex ExperimentalProtocol
+@item ExperimentalProtocol = <yes|no> (no) [experimental]
+When this option is enabled, experimental protocol enhancements will be used.
+Ephemeral ECDH will be used for key exchanges,
+and ECDSA will be used instead of RSA for authentication.
+When enabled, an ECDSA key must have been generated before with
+@samp{tincctl generate-ecdsa-keys}.
+The experimental protocol may change at any time,
+and there is no guarantee that tinc will run stable when it is used.
+
@cindex Forwarding
@item Forwarding = <off|internal|kernel> (internal) [experimental]
This option selects the way indirect packets are forwarded.
This is a symbolic name for this connection.
The name should consist only of alfanumeric and underscore characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and _).
+If Name starts with a $, then the contents of the environment variable that follows will be used.
+In that case, invalid characters will be converted to underscores.
+If Name is $HOST, but no such environment variable exist,
+the hostname will be read using the gethostnname() system call.
+
@cindex PingInterval
@item PingInterval = <@var{seconds}> (60)
The number of seconds of inactivity that tinc will wait before sending a
@cindex PrivateKeyFile
@item PrivateKeyFile = <@var{path}> (@file{@value{sysconfdir}/tinc/@var{netname}/rsa_key.priv})
This is the full path name of the RSA private key file that was
-generated by @samp{tincd --generate-keys}. It must be a full path, not a
+generated by @samp{tincctl generate-keys}. It must be a full path, not a
relative directory.
Note that there must be exactly one of PrivateKey
When this option is used the priority of the tincd process will be adjusted.
Increasing the priority may help to reduce latency and packet loss on the VPN.
+@cindex Proxy
+@item Proxy = socks4 | socks4 | http | exec @var{...} [experimental]
+Use a proxy when making outgoing connections.
+The following proxy types are currently supported:
+
+@table @asis
+@cindex socks4
+@item socks4 <@var{address}> <@var{port}> [<@var{username}>]
+Connects to the proxy using the SOCKS version 4 protocol.
+Optionally, a @var{username} can be supplied which will be passed on to the proxy server.
+
+@cindex socks5
+@item socks4 <@var{address}> <@var{port}> [<@var{username}> <@var{password}>]
+Connect to the proxy using the SOCKS version 5 protocol.
+If a @var{username} and @var{password} are given, basic username/password authentication will be used,
+otherwise no authentication will be used.
+
+@cindex http
+@item http <@var{address}> <@var{port}>
+Connects to the proxy and sends a HTTP CONNECT request.
+
+@cindex exec
+@item exec <@var{command}>
+Executes the given command which should set up the outgoing connection.
+The environment variables @env{NAME}, @env{NODE}, @env{REMOTEADDRES} and @env{REMOTEPORT} are available.
+@end table
+
@cindex ReplayWindow
@item ReplayWindow = <bytes> (16)
This is the size of the replay tracking window for each remote node, in bytes.
@cindex PublicKeyFile
@item PublicKeyFile = <@var{path}> [obsolete]
This is the full path name of the RSA public key file that was generated
-by @samp{tincd --generate-keys}. It must be a full path, not a relative
+by @samp{tincctl generate-keys}. It must be a full path, not a relative
directory.
@cindex PEM format
Subnets can either be single MAC, IPv4 or IPv6 addresses,
in which case a subnet consisting of only that single address is assumed,
or they can be a IPv4 or IPv6 network address with a prefixlength.
-Shorthand notations are not supported.
For example, IPv4 subnets must be in a form like 192.168.1.0/24,
where 192.168.1.0 is the network address and 24 is the number of bits set in the netmask.
Note that subnets like 192.168.1.1/24 are invalid!
Read a networking HOWTO/FAQ/guide if you don't understand this.
-IPv6 subnets are notated like fec0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0/64.
+IPv6 subnets are notated like fec0:0:0:1::/64.
MAC addresses are notated like 0:1a:2b:3c:4d:5e.
@cindex CIDR notation
/22. This conforms to standard CIDR notation as described in
@uref{ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1519.txt, RFC1519}
-@cindex Subnet weight
A Subnet can be given a weight to indicate its priority over identical Subnets
owned by different nodes. The default weight is 10. Lower values indicate
higher priority. Packets will be sent to the node with the highest priority,
priority will be tried, and so on.
@cindex TCPonly
-@item TCPonly = <yes|no> (no) [deprecated]
+@item TCPonly = <yes|no> (no)
If this variable is set to yes, then the packets are tunnelled over a
TCP connection instead of a UDP connection. This is especially useful
for those who want to run a tinc daemon from behind a masquerading
firewall, or if UDP packet routing is disabled somehow.
Setting this options also implicitly sets IndirectData.
-
-Since version 1.0.10, tinc will automatically detect whether communication via
-UDP is possible or not.
@end table
@item SUBNET
When a subnet becomes (un)reachable, this is set to the subnet.
-@cindex WEIGHT
-@item WEIGHT
-When a subnet becomes (un)reachable, this is set to the subnet weight.
-
@end table
you can easily create a public/private keypair by entering the following command:
@example
-tincd -n @var{netname} -K
+tincctl -n @var{netname} generate-keys
@end example
Tinc will generate a public and a private key and ask you where to put them.
A, B, C and D all have generated a public/private keypair with the following command:
@example
-tincd -n company -K
+tincctl -n company generate-keys
@end example
The private key is stored in @file{@value{sysconfdir}/tinc/company/rsa_key.priv},
Set debug level to @var{level}. The higher the debug level, the more gets
logged. Everything goes via syslog.
-@item -k, --kill[=@var{signal}]
-Attempt to kill a running tincd (optionally with the specified @var{signal} instead of SIGTERM) and exit.
-Use it in conjunction with the -n option to make sure you kill the right tinc daemon.
-Under native Windows the optional argument is ignored,
-the service will always be stopped and removed.
-
@item -n, --net=@var{netname}
Use configuration for net @var{netname}.
This will let tinc read all configuration files from
Specifying . for @var{netname} is the same as not specifying any @var{netname}.
@xref{Multiple networks}.
-@item -K, --generate-keys[=@var{bits}]
-Generate public/private keypair of @var{bits} length. If @var{bits} is not specified,
-2048 is the default. tinc will ask where you want to store the files,
-but will default to the configuration directory (you can use the -c or -n option
-in combination with -K). After that, tinc will quit.
+@item --pidfile=@var{filename}
+Store a cookie in @var{filename} which allows tincctl to authenticate.
+If unspecified, the default is
+@file{@value{localstatedir}/run/tinc.@var{netname}.pid}.
@item -o, --option=[@var{HOST}.]@var{KEY}=@var{VALUE}
Without specifying a @var{HOST}, this will set server configuration variable @var{KEY} to @var{VALUE}.
Write log entries to a file instead of to the system logging facility.
If @var{file} is omitted, the default is @file{@value{localstatedir}/log/tinc.@var{netname}.log}.
-@item --pidfile=@var{file}
-Write PID to @var{file} instead of @file{@value{localstatedir}/run/tinc.@var{netname}.pid}.
-
@item --bypass-security
Disables encryption and authentication.
Only useful for debugging.
If the --logfile option is used, this will also close and reopen the log file,
useful when log rotation is used.
-@item INT
-Temporarily increases debug level to 5.
-Send this signal again to revert to the original level.
-
-@item USR1
-Dumps the connection list to syslog.
-
-@item USR2
-Dumps virtual network device statistics, all known nodes, edges and subnets to syslog.
-
-@item WINCH
-Purges all information remembered about unreachable nodes.
-
@end table
@c ==================================================================
If so, check that it allows TCP and UDP traffic on port 655.
If it masquerades and the host running tinc is behind it, make sure that it forwards TCP and UDP traffic to port 655 to the host running tinc.
You can add @samp{TCPOnly = yes} to your host config file to force tinc to only use a single TCP connection,
-this works through most firewalls and NATs. Since version 1.0.10, tinc will automatically fall back to TCP if direct communication via UDP is not possible.
+this works through most firewalls and NATs.
@end itemize
@itemize
@item If you see this only sporadically, it is harmless and caused by a node sending packets using an old key.
+@item If you see this often and another node is not reachable anymore, then a NAT (masquerading firewall) is changing the source address of UDP packets.
+You can add @samp{TCPOnly = yes} to host configuration files to force all VPN traffic to go over a TCP connection.
@end itemize
@item Got bad/bogus/unauthorized REQUEST from foo (1.2.3.4 port 12345)
@item The output of any command that fails to work as it should (like ping or traceroute).
@end itemize
+@c ==================================================================
+@node Controlling tinc
+@chapter Controlling tinc
+
+You can control and inspect a running tincd through the tincctl
+command. A quick example:
+
+@example
+tincctl -n @var{netname} reload
+@end example
+
+@menu
+* tincctl runtime options::
+* tincctl environment variables::
+* tincctl commands::
+* tincctl examples::
+* tincctl top::
+@end menu
+
+
+@c ==================================================================
+@node tincctl runtime options
+@section tincctl runtime options
+
+@c from the manpage
+@table @option
+@item -c, --config=@var{path}
+Read configuration options from the directory @var{path}. The default is
+@file{@value{sysconfdir}/tinc/@var{netname}/}.
+
+@item -n, --net=@var{netname}
+Use configuration for net @var{netname}. @xref{Multiple networks}.
+
+@item --pidfile=@var{filename}
+Use the cookie from @var{filename} to authenticate with a running tinc daemon.
+If unspecified, the default is
+@file{@value{localstatedir}/run/tinc.@var{netname}.pid}.
+
+@item --help
+Display a short reminder of runtime options and commands, then terminate.
+
+@item --version
+Output version information and exit.
+
+@end table
+
+@c ==================================================================
+@node tincctl environment variables
+@section tincctl environment variables
+
+@table @env
+@cindex NETNAME
+@item NETNAME
+If no netname is specified on the command line with the @option{-n} option,
+the value of this environment variable is used.
+@end table
+
+@c ==================================================================
+@node tincctl commands
+@section tincctl commands
+
+@c from the manpage
+@table @code
+
+@item init [@var{name}]
+Create initial configuration files and RSA and ECDSA keypairs with default length.
+If no @var{name} for this node is given, it will be asked for.
+
+@item config [set] @var{variable} @var{value}
+Set configuration variable @var{variable} to the given @var{value}.
+All previously existing configuration variables with the same name are removed.
+To set a variable for a specific host, use the notation @var{host}.@var{variable}.
+
+@item config add @var{variable} @var{value}
+As above, but without removing any previously existing configuration variables.
+
+@item config del @var{variable} [@var{value}]
+Remove configuration variables with the same name and @var{value}.
+If no @var{value} is given, all configuration variables with the same name will be removed.
+
+@item edit @var{filename}
+Start an editor for the given configuration file.
+You do not need to specify the full path to the file.
+
+@item start [tincd options]
+Start @samp{tincd}, optionally with the given extra options.
+
+@item stop
+Stop @samp{tincd}.
+
+@item restart
+Restart @samp{tincd}.
+
+@item reload
+Partially rereads configuration files. Connections to hosts whose host
+config files are removed are closed. New outgoing connections specified
+in @file{tinc.conf} will be made.
+
+@item pid
+Shows the PID of the currently running @samp{tincd}.
+
+@item generate-keys [@var{bits}]
+Generate public/private keypair of @var{bits} length. If @var{bits} is not specified,
+1024 is the default. tinc will ask where you want to store the files,
+but will default to the configuration directory (you can use the -c or -n
+option).
+
+@item dump nodes
+Dump a list of all known nodes in the VPN.
+
+@item dump edges
+Dump a list of all known connections in the VPN.
+
+@item dump subnets
+Dump a list of all known subnets in the VPN.
+
+@item dump connections
+Dump a list of all meta connections with ourself.
+
+@item dump graph
+Dump a graph of the VPN in dotty format.
+
+@item info @var{node} | @var{subnet} | @var{address}
+Show information about a particular @var{node}, @var{subnet} or @var{address}.
+If an @var{address} is given, any matching subnet will be shown.
+
+@item purge
+Purges all information remembered about unreachable nodes.
+
+@item debug @var{level}
+Sets debug level to @var{level}.
+
+@item log [@var{level}]
+Capture log messages from a running tinc daemon.
+An optional debug level can be given that will be applied only for log messages sent to tincctl.
+
+@item retry
+Forces tinc to try to connect to all uplinks immediately.
+Usually tinc attempts to do this itself,
+but increases the time it waits between the attempts each time it failed,
+and if tinc didn't succeed to connect to an uplink the first time after it started,
+it defaults to the maximum time of 15 minutes.
+
+@item disconnect @var{node}
+Closes the meta connection with the given @var{node}.
+
+@item top
+If tincctl is compiled with libcurses support, this will display live traffic statistics for all the known nodes,
+similar to the UNIX top command.
+See below for more information.
+
+@item pcap
+Dump VPN traffic going through the local tinc node in pcap-savefile format to standard output,
+from where it can be redirected to a file or piped through a program that can parse it directly,
+such as tcpdump.
+
+@end table
+
+@c ==================================================================
+@node tincctl examples
+@section tincctl examples
+
+Examples of some commands:
+
+@example
+tincctl -n vpn dump graph | circo -Txlib
+tincctl -n vpn pcap | tcpdump -r -
+tincctl -n vpn top
+@end example
+
+Example of configuring tinc using tincctl:
+
+@example
+tincctl -n vpn init foo
+tincctl -n vpn config Subnet 192.168.1.0/24
+tincctl -n vpn config bar.Address bar.example.com
+tincctl -n vpn config ConnectTo bar
+@end example
+
+@c ==================================================================
+@node tincctl top
+@section tincctl top
+
+The top command connects to a running tinc daemon and repeatedly queries its per-node traffic counters.
+It displays a list of all the known nodes in the left-most column,
+and the amount of bytes and packets read from and sent to each node in the other columns.
+By default, the information is updated every second.
+The behaviour of the top command can be changed using the following keys:
+
+@table @key
+
+@item s
+Change the interval between updates.
+After pressing the @key{s} key, enter the desired interval in seconds, followed by enter.
+Fractional seconds are honored.
+Intervals lower than 0.1 seconds are not allowed.
+
+@item c
+Toggle between displaying current traffic rates (in packets and bytes per second)
+and cummulative traffic (total packets and bytes since the tinc daemon started).
+
+@item n
+Sort the list of nodes by name.
+
+@item i
+Sort the list of nodes by incoming amount of bytes.
+
+@item I
+Sort the list of nodes by incoming amount of packets.
+
+@item o
+Sort the list of nodes by outgoing amount of bytes.
+
+@item O
+Sort the list of nodes by outgoing amount of packets.
+
+@item t
+Sort the list of nodes by sum of incoming and outgoing amount of bytes.
+
+@item T
+Sort the list of nodes by sum of incoming and outgoing amount of packets.
+
+@item b
+Show amount of traffic in bytes.
+
+@item k
+Show amount of traffic in kilobytes.
+
+@item M
+Show amount of traffic in megabytes.
+
+@item G
+Show amount of traffic in gigabytes.
+
+@item q
+Quit.
+
+@end table
+
+
@c ==================================================================
@node Technical information
@chapter Technical information
@tab @code{netsh interface ip set address} @var{interface} @code{static} @var{address} @var{netmask}
@end multitable
-
For IPv6 addresses:
@multitable {Darwin (MacOS/X)} {ifconfig route add -bla network address netmask netmask prefixlength interface}
@tab @code{netsh interface ipv6 add address} @var{interface} @code{static} @var{address}/@var{prefixlength}
@end multitable
+On some platforms, when running tinc in switch mode, the VPN interface must be set to tap mode with an ifconfig command:
+
+@multitable {Darwin (MacOS/X)} {ifconfig route add -bla network address netmask netmask prefixlength interface}
+@item OpenBSD
+@tab @code{ifconfig} @var{interface} @code{link0}
+@end multitable
+
+On Linux, it is possible to create a persistent tun/tap interface which will
+continue to exist even if tinc quit, although this is normally not required.
+It can be useful to set up a tun/tap interface owned by a non-root user, so
+tinc can be started without needing any root privileges at all.
+
+@multitable {Darwin (MacOS/X)} {ifconfig route add -bla network address netmask netmask prefixlength interface}
+@item Linux
+@tab @code{ip tuntap add dev} @var{interface} @code{mode} @var{tun|tap} @code{user} @var{username}
+@end multitable
@c ==================================================================
@node Routes
projects / tinc / blobdiff